Fill in the blanks (2 points each)
1. Carolus Linaeus developed a system for naming plants called the ____________ system of nomenclature which identifies each plant by a unique two-part name.
2. Fungi store carbohydrate as ___________________as do animals.
3. Deuteromycetes are fungi that lack a known _____________________phase.
4. The _________ of basidiomycetes bear the basidia that form basidiospores.
5. Cells of unicellular green algae often have a stigma that is used for _________ __________.
6. Algae are the primary ____________________ in water ecosystems.
7. Bryophytes are attached to the substrate by hairlike _________________________.
8. Bryophytes require ________________ for fertilization because they have swimming sperm.
9. The moss ________________ consists of a foot, seta and capsule.
10. Marchantia has bodies called ________________ which grow from the thallus and are the sites for the production of sperm.
11. Seedless vascular plants have xylem cell walls impregnated with _______________ that provides support to the plant body.
12. The unusual feature of ______________ include vestigial leaves, jointed stems, and cell walls embedded with glass.
13. Young fern leaves emerge in the form of ________________ that unfold by circinate vernation into mature leaves.
14. Conifers produce pollen cones and _______________ cones.
15. Cycads, like Ginkgo, have ________________sperm even though they also produce pollen tubes.
16. My favorite thing to eat in lab was ________________.
Multiple Choice (2 points each). Circle the best answer
1. An unmanned submerged vehicle descended a cliff off the Atlantic
Coast. The last algae it will find on the cliff as it descends will
probably be
A. Chlorophyta (green algae)
B. diatoms
C. Phaeophyta (brown algae)
D. Rhodophyta (red algae)
2. Two plants that are in the same order will not necessarily
be in the same
A. species
B. genus
C. class
D. family
3. A female pine cone formed in April 1996 will be able to release
mature seeds in
A. August 1996
B. April 1996
C. September 1997.
D. January 1997.
4. Which of the following supports the origin of angiosperms at
least 200 million years ago?
A. DNA sequence analysis of the chloroplast rbcL gene.
B. the 120-million-year age of the first angiosperm fossil
flower
C. shared features with cycadeoids
D. frequent finds of dinosaur and angiosperm fossils in
the same Cretaceous fossil beds.
Short answers (5 points each)
1. Name and contrast the two forms of mycorrhizae.
2. Name several survival challenges faced by the earliest land plants and list three adaptations that evolved in plants to meet these challenges.
3. Name three characters that are shared by all gymnosperms.
4. What one other kind of organism was critical for the radiation (diversification) of angiosperms, and why were/are they important?
5. What are the components of the stele? What does each component do?
6. Describe what allelopathy is, and give an example of this in the plant world? What adaptive advantage would allelopathy give a plant?
7. You are looking at single-celled algae with a compound microscope under high power (430x) and the cell takes up about 10% of the viewing diameter. You then switch to medium power (100x) and determine that the viewing diameter at medium power is 2.5 mm. How big is the algae cell?
Point potpourri
(10 points) 1. How does fertilization of the egg cell by pollen differ between gymnosperms and angiosperm? Make a diagram indicating how fertilization occurs for each type of plant.
(10 points) 2. We have looked at a lot of life cycles. Diagram a life cycle of and one of the plants, algae or fungi that we discussed in class. Be sure to label the important structures of the organism and their genetic state (haploid, diploid, etc.). More complex life cycles will be graded easier than simpler life cycles.
(2 points) 3. As you leave the union atrium (the glass-roofed part) as if walking to the library, is the Ginkgo tree to the left of the right of the doors?
(2 points) 4. Name two reasons why the lowly bryophytes are or were important economically.
(1 point) 5. What one thing could improve this course for
the remainder of the semester? (-1 point for ‘new instructor’ answer)
1. In terms of abundance and biomass, the Mesozoic era should be called the age of __________ instead of the age of dinosaurs.
2. In the angiosperm flower, the ________________ contains the pollen whereas the pistil contains the egg.
3. Ginkgo trees are _____________________ since they have separate male and female trees.
4. In the stele, the ______________ is the tissue used for conducting water and nutrients towards the top of the plant.
5. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship of a_____________________ and a ________________.
6. Traditionally called blue-green algae, the _________________ are photosynthetic prokaryotes.
7. Deuteromycetes are fungi that lack a known _____________________ phase.
8. Haploid spores germinate to form haploid gametophytes in ____________________ meiosis.
9. Volvox is a _______________ green algae.
10. An archegonium contains ______________________.
11. The life cycle I least enjoyed studying was the ________________________ life cycle.
Short answer (5 points each)
1. As mentioned in class, walnut (Juglans nigra) trees produce an allelopathic chemical called juglone. What adaptive advantage does this chemical give walnut trees?
2. Draw and label the components of a multi-cellular macroscopic alga like kelp. Why doesn’t kelp have leaves and roots?
3. What main characteristic differentiates the Chlorophyta from the Phaeophyta from the Rhodophyta? How does this characteristic differ among these divisions?
4. Describe how the pattern of leaf venation differs in Ginkgo as compared with the pattern found in angiosperm dicots. Also, why is Ginkgo classified as a gymnosperm?
5. Describe three ways in which monocots differ from dicots.
6. The mycorrhizal association found in roots is a symbiotic relationship. Describe the benefits derived by the two organisms involved in this relationship.
7. What organism is responsible for red snow? How would you classify this organism?
8. Name two reasons why algae are important economically.
9. In the Tales of a Shaman’s Apprentice, Plotkin discusses many different medicines that are derived from plants. Discuss one such medicine and explain why understanding tribal uses of medicinal plants may be important to Western pharmaceutical companies.
10. Why, specifically, do eukaryotic organisms require oxygen for aerobic respiration?
Match the lifecycle (match the description on the right to the correct organism(s) on the left). 2 points each
___ Rhizopus A. the sporophyte has a seta which grows out of the archegonium
___ Marchantia B. archegonium and antheridium are both found on the same prothallus
___ moss C. the female gametophyte is surrounded by an ovary
___ fern D. the diploid structure consists of a thick-walled zygospore
___ pine E. male and female sporophytes fuse to form diploid gametophyte
___ lily F. spores produced through meiosis can form either male or female gametophytes
G. fertilization leads to seed development without a fruit
(15 points) On the next page, write a dichotomous key that
could be used to identify the following types of organisms:
zygomycetes
ascomycetes
basidiomycetes
algae
liverworts
hornworts
mosses
Psilotophyta
Equisetophyta
ferns
Pinophyta
Ginkgophyta
angiosperm monocots
angiosperm dicots
(1 point) Do you realize that the mini-term paper is due about
one month from today?