| amenorrhea
(99) |
cessation of menses |
| anisotropic (90) |
exhibiting different mechanical
properties in response to loads from different directions |
| appendicular
skeleton (90) |
bones composing structures,
including the carpals and tarsals |
| articular cartilage
(91) |
protective layer of dense
white connective tissue covering the articulating bone surfaces at diarthrodial
joints |
| axial skeleton
(90) |
the skull, vertebrae, sternum,
and ribs |
| bone atrophy
(96) |
descrease in bone mass resulting
from a predominance of osteoclast activity |
| bone hypertrophy
(95) |
increase in bone mass resulting
from a predominance of osteoblast activity |
| compressive strength
(88) |
ability to resist pressing
or squeezing force |
| cortical bone
(89) |
compact mineralized connective
tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones |
| epiphysis (93) |
growth center of a bone
that produces new bone tissue as part of the normal growth process until
it closes during adolescence or early adulthood |
| flat bones (90) |
skeletal structures that
are largely flat in shape, for example, the scapula |
| fracture (102) |
disruption in the continuity
of a bone |
| impacted (103) |
pressed together by a compressive
load |
| irregular bones
(90) |
skeletal structures of irregular
shapes, for example, the sacrum |
| lever (88) |
simple machine consisting
of a relatively rigid barline body that may be made to rotate about an
axis |
| long bones (91) |
skeletal structures consisting
of a long shaft with bulbous ends, for example, the femur |
| osteoblasts (93) |
specialized bone cells that
build new bone tissue |
| osteoclasts (93) |
specialized bone cells that
resorb bone tissue |
| osteopenia (98) |
condition of reduced bone
mineral density that presdisposes the individual to fractures |
| osteoporosis
(98) |
a disorder involving decreased
bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures |
| periosteum (93) |
double-layered membrane
covering bone; muscle tendons attach to the outside layer, and the internal
layer is a site of osteoblast activity |
| porous (88) |
containing pores or cavities |
| short bones (90) |
small, cubical skeletal
structures, including the carpals and tarsals |
| stiffness (88) |
the ratio of stress to strain
in a loaded material; that is, the stress divided by the relative amount
of change in the structure's shape |
| strain (89) |
amount of deformation divided
by the original length of the structure or by the original angular orientation
of the structure |
| stress fracture
(104) |
fracture resulting from
repeated loading of relatively low magnitude |
| stress reaction
(104) |
progressive bone pathology
associated with repeated loading |
| tensile strength
(88) |
ability to resist pulling
or stretching force |
| trabecular bone
(89) |
less compact mineralized
connective tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long
bones and in the vertebrae |